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| ORM2028 | Forest Entomology | 2+1+0 | ECTS:3 | | Year / Semester | Spring Semester | | Level of Course | First Cycle | | Status | Compulsory | | Department | DEPARTMENT of FOREST ENGINEERING | | Prerequisites and co-requisites | None | | Mode of Delivery | Face to face, Practical | | Contact Hours | 14 weeks - 2 hours of lectures and 1 hour of practicals per week | | Lecturer | -- | | Co-Lecturer | PROF. DR. Mahmut EROĞLU, | | Language of instruction | Turkish | | Professional practise ( internship ) | None | | | | The aim of the course: | | To provide field and laboratory experience in collection, identification and classification of insects.
To develop the ability to identify most of the common families of insects using dichotomous keys.
To provide a solid foundation in traditional economic entomology, emphasizing pest insect population dynamics, sampling, surveillance, economic decision levels, and aspects of pest management theory and insect control.
To understand the life-history and ecology of the main economically important pest insects in Turkey, focusing on those occurring in forest ecosystems.
To juxtapose the impact of pest insects with the social, economic, and ecological value of insects.
To discus the principles of modern biological control of arthropod pests.
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| Learning Outcomes | CTPO | TOA | | Upon successful completion of the course, the students will be able to : | | | | LO - 1 : | Students should understand phylogenetic relationships between insect groups and be able to identify common taxa. | 1,3,5 | | | LO - 2 : | Students should be knowledgeable of recent developments in entomology, understand the scientific method, and have an appreciation for research in either a laboratory or field setting. | 1,3,5 | | | LO - 3 : | Students should be knowledgeable about the biology, diversity, distribution of insects, and their relationships to other invertebrates and the environment. | 1,3,5 | | | LO - 4 : | Students should be knowledgeable about the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on insect development, population growth, species interactions, physiological requirements and insect behavior. Students will appreciate the reasons why some insects become pests, and will understand the balance between beneficial and harmful species. | 1,3,5 | | | LO - 5 : | Students should understand how insects affect forest production, and be able to safely manipulate populations of beneficial and destructive species in forest habitats and in production forest ecosystems with minimal environmental impact. | 1,3,5 | | | CTPO : Contribution to programme outcomes, TOA :Type of assessment (1: written exam, 2: Oral exam, 3: Homework assignment, 4: Laboratory exercise/exam, 5: Seminar / presentation, 6: Term paper), LO : Learning Outcome | | |
| Overview of insects: structure, function & classification; insect morphology, anatomy, and physiology; reproduction and development; the forest environment: effects of abiotic factors, the role of biotic factors; sampling, surveillance, forecasting and economic decision levels; population ecology; pest control; forest insect pests; identification, ecology, life-history, economic importance, and control options for key pests in plantation and natural forests; defoliating moths, sawflies, and beetles; sap-suckers; gall insects; insects on fruits and seeds; bark beetles; saproxylic insects; grubs; pest management theory and principles of control; introduction to biological control; biology of bacterial, protozoan and viral pathogens; biology of arthropod predators; biology of Insect parasitoids; ecological basis of biological control; biological control in integrated pest management; biotechnology and biological control.
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| Course Syllabus | | Week | Subject | Related Notes / Files | | Week 1 | The importance of insects, Insect biodiversity, Phylogenetics, Relationships of the Hexapoda to other Arthropoda, Taxonomy and classification, The extant Hexapoda, Protura, Collembola, and Diplura; Class Insecta (Tru insects), 2.1. Archaeognatha and Zygentoma (Thysanura), 2.2.Pterygota: Palaeoptera(Ephemeropteroidae and Odonatoptera); Neoptera: Polyneoptera, Paraneoptera, and Endopterygota (Holometabola)
| | | Week 2 | External Anatomy: The cuticle, Color production, Segmentation and tagmosis; The head, Mouthparts, Cephalic sensory structures; The thorax, Legs, wings; The abdomen, Terminalia (The anal-genital part of the abdomen)
| | | Week 3 | Internal Anatomy and Physiology: The gut, digestion, and nutrition, The excretory system and waste disposal, The circulatory system, The tracheal system and gas exchange,
Muscles and locomotion, The nervous system and co-ordination, The endocrine system and the function of hormones, Reproductive organs
| | | Week 4 | Sensory Systems and Behavior: Mechanical stimuli, Sound reception, Sound production; Thermal stimuli; Chemical Stimuli, Semiochemicals: Pheromones, Sex, aggregation and spacing (dispersion), trail-making, and alarm pheromones; Semiochemicals: Kairomones, allomones, and synomones; Insect vision: Dermal detection, Stemmata, Ocelli, Compound eyes, Light production; Insect Behavior
| | | Week 5 | Reproduction: Sexual selection, Copulation, Diversity in genitalic morphology, Sperm storage, fertilization, and sex determination, Oviparity (egg-laying), Ovoviviparity and viviparity, Physiological control of reproduction
| | | Week 6 | Insect Development and Life Histories: Growth, Life-history patterns and phases, Process and control of molting, Voltinism, Diapause, Migration, Polymorphism and polyphenism, Age-grading, Environmental effects on development, Climate and insect distributions
| | | Week 7 | The Forest Environment: Ecosystem structure and roles of insects in ecosystems; Effects of Abiotic Factors: Forest climate and its influence of insects, Light, Temperature, Rainfall and relative humidity, Wind, Seasonal climatic variations and insect phenology, Fire, Insect/tree relationships, Competition and resource sharing, The role of predator and parasites: Prey/host location, Prey/host selection and specificity, Population biology-predator/parasitoid and prey/host abundance
| | | Week 8 | Forest Insect Pests: Types of damage, Main pests in Turkey forests, Effects of insects on tree growth, Primary and secondary pests, Population dynamics of forest insects, Why do some insects become pests, Drought, Atmospheric pollution, Consequences of global change
| | | Week 9 | Mid-term exam | | | Week 10 | Pest Management: Insects as pests, Host-plant resistance to insects, Cultural control, Physical/Mechanical control, Tree traps, Biological control, Pheromones and other insect attractants, Genetic manipulation of insect pests, Chemical control, The effects of insecticides, Integrated pest management
| | | Week 11 | Canopy Insects: Defoliating Lepidoptera, Some species on conifers, The pine processionary caterpillar, Some species on broadleaf trees, The gypsy moth and The golden-tail moth, Other defoliatiors; Sawflies, Sawflies of broadleaf trees and conifers, Diprionid sawflies; Beetles: Leaf beetles, Weevils and Chafers
| | | Week 12 | Sap-suckers: Scale Insects, Aphids and Bugs, Some common scale insects and aphids; Galls and Gall Insects: Cynipid gall wasps of oaks, Andricus gallaeitinctoria and A. kollari; Chermesid aphids, Species of the genus Dreyfusia and Pineus; Other gall homopterans; Gall midges; Other gall insects
| | | Week 13 | Insects on Flowers, Fruits and Seeds: Importance of fruits and seeds in the forest environment, Flower-eating insects, Conifer cone insects, Insects on acorns, chestnut, beechnuts, and other broadleaf tree seeds; Root feeding insects, Species of Chafers and Weevils
| | | Week 14 | Bark Beetles (Scolytidae) and Their Associated Fauna; Morphology and anatomy of scolytids, Colonization of trees, Biology of some important scolytid species, Commensals, predators and parasitoids of bark beetles, Control of bark beetles; Saproxylic Insects; Wood decay and insect successions
| | | Week 15 | Methods in Entomology: Collecting, preservation, curation, and identification of insects (Insect Laboratory)
| | | Week 16 | End-of-term exam | | | |
| 1 | Eroglu, M. 2002, Orman Entomolojisi, Ders Notu, Trabzon, 140s. | | | 2 | Demirsoy, A., 1995. Omurgasızlar/Böcekler (Yaşamın Temel Kuralları), Cilt2/Kısım2, Meteksan Yayınları, Meteksan Basımevi-Ankara, 941s. | | | |
| 1 | Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P.S. 2005. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology, Blackwell Publishing, 498p. | | | 2 | Dajoz, R., 2000. Insects and Forests. Lavoiser Publishing, Paris, 668p. | | | |
| Method of Assessment | | Type of assessment | Week No | Date | Duration (hours) | Weight (%) | | Mid-term exam | 9 | 4/04/2019 | 1 | 50 | | End-of-term exam | 16 | 23/05/2019 | 1 | 50 | | |
| Student Work Load and its Distribution | | Type of work | Duration (hours pw) | No of weeks / Number of activity | Hours in total per term | | Yüz yüze eğitim | 2 | 14 | 28 | | Sınıf dışı çalışma | 2 | 6 | 12 | | Laboratuar çalışması | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Arasınav için hazırlık | 3 | 7 | 21 | | Arasınav | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Uygulama | 1 | 14 | 14 | | Klinik Uygulama | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Ödev | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Proje | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Kısa sınav | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Dönem sonu sınavı için hazırlık | 2 | 6 | 12 | | Dönem sonu sınavı | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Diğer 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Diğer 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Total work load | | | 89 |
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