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| OREN3006 | Paper Fabrication | 2+1+0 | ECTS:4 | | Year / Semester | Spring Semester | | Level of Course | First Cycle | | Status | Compulsory | | Department | DEPARTMENT of FOREST INDUSTRY ENGINEERING | | Prerequisites and co-requisites | None | | Mode of Delivery | Face to face, Group study, Practical | | Contact Hours | 14 weeks - 2 hours of lectures and 1 hour of practicals per week | | Lecturer | Prof. Dr. Mustafa USTA | | Co-Lecturer | Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esat GÜMÜŞKAYA | | Language of instruction | Turkish | | Professional practise ( internship ) | None | | | | The aim of the course: | | The main purpose of paper fabrication lesson is to teach technologies of paper and paperboard production to students. It is aimed to give knowledge water chemistry and relation between water chemistry and papermaking, to provide the students knowledge lignocellulosic materials, pigments, filler materials, retention of them in paper sheets, wet and dry strength chemical, surface coating, to give them to evaluate fibre preparation, beating, refining, screening and cleaning, to help them to understand internal sizing, surface treatment and formation of paper sheets, to help them to know Fourdrinier paper machine design and construction and formation methods, drying of paper sheeets and calendering. |
| Learning Outcomes | CTPO | TOA | | Upon successful completion of the course, the students will be able to : | | | | LO - 1 : | describe water chemistry and to be able explain its relation to the papermaking | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 2 : | describe lignocellulosic materials, fillers, pigments | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 3 : | apply various techniques in wet-end adhesives for dry and wet strength, surface sizing and retention mechanism. | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 4 : | describe coating pigments, pigment coating techniques and relationship between them | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 5 : | understand fibre preparation and beating processes | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 6 : | describe formation methods for papermaking, Fourdrinier and cylinder papermachine section and design, twin wire machine. | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 7 : | describe pressing, press section arrangements, drying and calendaring. | 2,3 | 1 | | LO - 8 : | present before an audience the results and outcome of any exercise | 2,3 | 1 | | CTPO : Contribution to programme outcomes, TOA :Type of assessment (1: written exam, 2: Oral exam, 3: Homework assignment, 4: Laboratory exercise/exam, 5: Seminar / presentation, 6: Term paper), LO : Learning Outcome | | |
| Water chemistry: Chemical anf physical properties of water and importance for papermakingLignocellulosics and chemical additives: Lignicellulosic material for papermaking, fillers, retention mechanismsFibre preparation: Refining, beating, wet-end adhesive for dry and wet strength, pigments, internal sizing. Coating: Coating pigments, pigment coating techniquesFibre preparation: The aims of beating, beating methods, the effects of beating on properties of paper sheetsScreening and cleaning of pulp: Methods and principle of screening , cyclones. Pumps in paper mill and transferring of pulpSection befor paper machine: Flow distributor, headbox, slices. Formation methods : Fourdrinier, cylinder and twin wire paper machine sections and designsDrying: Wet pressing, drying felts and rollers, embossing. |
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| Course Syllabus | | Week | Subject | Related Notes / Files | | Week 1 | History and technological improvement in papermaking | | | Week 2 | Paper industry in the world and Turkey. Raw materials for papermaking. Water chemistry and properties | | | Week 3 | Recovery of substances in tray and suction water. Treatment of fresh water. Aided substances in papermaking. Filling and retention materials and their properties | | | Week 4 | Alumni chemistry, papermaking in alkali media, surface sizing and starch preparing | | | Week 5 | Pigments for paper, coating techniques | | | Week 6 | Kaolin, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, barium sulfate, blanc datin, talk and latex for papermaking | | | Week 7 | Coating suspension preparing, potantial zeta, coating machine. | | | Week 8 | Fiber preparation, disintegration of pulp and machines, pulp beating techniques and their effects on fibers
| | | Week 9 | Mid-term exam | | | Week 10 | Beaters, variables in beating, measuring of extent and progress of beating and refining, operating and control of beaters end refiners | | | Week 11 | Cleaning of stock, screens and vortex cleaners, the control of concentration and flow. | | | Week 12 | Pumps in papermaking, flow distributors, headbox and slices | | | Week 13 | Fourdrinier paper machine and sections, drainage and formation | | | Week 14 | Wet pressing, felts, twinwire formation and cylinder machines for papermaking | | | Week 15 | Introduction paper drying | | | Week 16 | End-of-term exam | | | |
| 1 | Eroğlu, H., Usta, M., 2004, Kağıt ve karton Üretim Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Esen Ofset Matbaacılık, V I-II , p. 839, , Trabzon | | | |
| 1 | Roberts, J.C., 1996, The Chemistry of Paper, The Royal Society of Chemistry, p.190, Cambridge | | | 2 | Gullichsen, J., Paulopuro, H., 2000, Pigment Coating and Surface Sizing of paper, Gumerus Printing, p. 807, Finland | | | 3 | McDonald, R.,I Franklin, J.N., 1970, Papermaking and paperboard Making, V II, McGraw-Hill Book Company, p. 655, New York.
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| Method of Assessment | | Type of assessment | Week No | Date | Duration (hours) | Weight (%) | | Mid-term exam | 9 | 05/04/2020 | 1 | 30 | | Laboratory exam | 8 | 30.03.2020 | 3 | 20 | | End-of-term exam | 16 | 25/05/2020 | 1 | 50 | | |
| Student Work Load and its Distribution | | Type of work | Duration (hours pw) | No of weeks / Number of activity | Hours in total per term | | Yüz yüze eğitim | 3 | 14 | 42 | | Sınıf dışı çalışma | 3 | 14 | 42 | | Laboratuar çalışması | 2 | 1 | 2 | | Arasınav için hazırlık | 3 | 2 | 6 | | Arasınav | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Uygulama | 1 | 14 | 14 | | Klinik Uygulama | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Ödev | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Proje | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Kısa sınav | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Dönem sonu sınavı için hazırlık | 6 | 6 | 36 | | Dönem sonu sınavı | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Diğer 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Diğer 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Total work load | | | 144 |
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